The angolan civil war between 1992 and 2002: causes and consequences

Abstract

This article presents a study of the Angolan Civil War between 1992 and 2002: its causes and consequences, as well as the steps taken to achieve peace and reconciliation in 2002. With regard to the methodological procedure that identifies the research, a qualitative and descriptive approach was used, with resourse to bibliographic and documentary research techniques, as this is a theoretical investigative work. The results show that the lack of time to prepare for the electoral process, mistrust and Jonas Savimbi's rejection of the results of the first general elections held in September 1992, which gave victory to the MPLA, led to the resumption of the Angolan civil war, and the democratic transition process collapsed at that moment, leading to civil war in 2002. Despite the achievement of peace and national reconciliation, which resulted from the Luena Memorandum signed in 2002, followed by the process of national reconstruction, Angola became a “construction site”, but the psychosocial, political and economic consequences of the Angolan civil war remain prevalent in Angolan society to this day. On the one hand, peace was achieved through military victory, which resulted in the death of Jonas Savimbi, due to a lack of consensus in the dialogue between the parties caused by greed for power.